Keeling Curve

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Project Summary / Description:

We are currently investigating fabrication of low cost, efficient, stable, and air processed fourth generation perovskite solar cells, by using metal oxides, graphene oxide and copper salt(s) as electron and hole transport layers (ETLs and HTLs). The selection of these materials is based on their HOMO-LUMO levels, solubility, and device fabrication as standard or inverted assembly. Metal oxides and graphene oxide are low cost, have wide bandgap, low exciton binding energy, high stability against moisture and air, and can be easily processed at low temperatures which makes them promising candidates as ETLs and HTLs for fourth generation of solar cells.

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How Project Affects Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions:

With the increasing use of solar energy, and lower costs of solar cells, the emission of green house gases is reduced.

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Impact on Underrepresented Groups:

This project is mainly at the research and development phase. Students and volunteers from different regions of Pakistan are included including female students. The leading role for this project is also handled by a lady. In Pakistan, at the University level, there is no such discrimination, and all are given equal rights, and special care is taken that no one remains under represented.

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Mission Statement:

Our mission is to promote research and development culture in Pakistan. This includes helping all researchers and experts, especially young scientists in academia, who are facing problems in the beginning of their careers, including but not limited to the lack of state-of-the-art instrumentation and characterization techniques. Secondly, to help and guide Pakistani industry to tackle their issues related to science and technology.