Keeling Curve

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Project Summary / Description:

The degradation of the Arganier biosphere reserve ecosystem in the Anti-Atlas region is the result of several interdependent factors, namely (1) the intensification of overgrazing, (2) the overexploitation of resources for wood heat, (3) unsustainable use of medicinal and aromatic plants, (4) erosion, (5) climate change and desertification. Wildebeest numbers have also declined sharply, with the loss of
many species of wild animals only thirty years ago. Based on an assessment of the current regressive dynamics that characterize the region's overall environment, it is clear that without a healthy ecosystem, many of the region's essential environmental services could be doomed to failure. There is a high risk of rapid desertification which may occur in large areas incompatible with human habitation and current growth forecasts and development plans for the region. With the deterioration of vegetation cover and biodiversity, bees are exposed to extinction due to starvation due to lack of flowering areas,
at the same time Its extinction threatens the future of the vegetation and forest cover of the argan biosphere reserve (arganie bispher reserve RBA), Ultimately, the situation results in poverty, fragility and unemployment.
B) Despite the numerous development initiatives and the efforts made by the nation by all the actors involved to face demographic challenges, changes in lifestyles and job creation in rural areas, the situation in the region of the Anti-Atlas remains very worrying. The differences between the rural world as a whole compared to the urban world are also manifested by the low level of human development of the rural population, particularly young people and women, persistent social and economic inequalities, isolation, marginalization and growing poverty affecting more of the most vulnerable young people, men and women. At the same time, the mountainous rural world is a provider of human capital and contains natural resources which must be mobilized to serve the population.
C) We also note that despite the essential role of bees, beekeeping receives less attention than other animal production sectors, although it faces major difficulties. Indeed, the evolution of agricultural practices is not without consequences on the populations of bees and wild pollinating insects. Environmental pollution, from all sources, is also a source of poisoning for bees and weakening of colonies.
* General objective of the project:
Conserve species and ecosystems of the argan biosphere reserve (RBA) of international importance in the region
through beekeeping transhumance, bee protection and enhancing the benefits of conservation and sustainable livelihoods
* Specific objectives of the project:
- Contribute to raising awareness among populations about the value of biodiversity and the actions they can take to conserve and use it sustainably.
- Contribute to supporting businesses, cooperatives and stakeholders to conduct or implement initiatives
plans to ensure sustainable production and consumption and to maintain the effects of natural resource use within safe environmental limits.
- Contribute to halving the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including argan forests.
- Contribute to the restoration and protection of ecosystems that provide essential services, in particular
water and contribute to and protect health, livelihoods and well-being, taking into account the needs of women, youth, indigenous and local communities and poor and vulnerable populations.
- contribute to preserving the Argan ecosystem and the bee through the revival of beekeeping transhumance which will increase the quantity and quality of local products and the pollination of ecosystems,
- Contribute to the development of the income of mountain dwellers, particularly young people and women, by improving their social and economic conditions and creating employment opportunities for young people and women in the region in order to combat poverty and migration and ensure the socio-economic development of the region.

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How Project Affects Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions:

Soil contains twice as much carbon as the atmosphere, and three times as much as plants. They therefore constitute the second largest carbon reservoir on Earth after the oceans, and thus play a major role in climate regulation.
Scientists are increasingly aware of the close relationships between soils, climate change and biodiversity. It only takes a small difference in soil carbon stocks to have major consequences for the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the air and for the biodiversity that exists there. Instead, bee pollination of forests and ecosystems plays an important role in developing seeds and growing crops without supporting the soil with fertilizers and chemicals.

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In addition to carbon dioxide, soil also plays an important role in the greenhouse gas balance. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide, are linked to the decomposition of organic matter and the use of nitrogen fertilizers.
Methane (CH4), a greenhouse gas about 20 times more potent than carbon dioxide, is produced in soil under anaerobic conditions. That's why changing agricultural techniques, improving soil management practices, and relying on bee pollination of ecosystems can help reduce losses of carbon and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere.

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